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There are a number of speech delays and disorders including apraxia of speech, articulation, phonological processing disorders, and tongue thrust.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a motor-speech disorder that makes it difficult for children to speak.
Articulation – the ways in which sounds are produced to achieve intelligible speech
Phonological Processing Disorders – This is where a child does not develop the ability to produce some or all of the sounds necessary for speech at their given age. Often times a child with a phonological disorder has not extinguished simplification patterns. For example, it is typical for a young child to say “lellow,” but as the child becomes older the simplification pattern should go away, and the child should be able to say “yellow.”
Tongue Thrust/Reverse Swallow– This a disordered pattern of speech, which results from lingual (tongue) protrusion during speech, swallowing, or at rest.